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“Melasma”
Melasma is characterized by irregular brown patches caused by various factors including individual constitution, hormonal stimulation and UV exposure. The formation of melasma is often symmetrical, resulting from excessive melanin deposition in the skin. Without timely treatment, the patches can quickly spread across the entire face, underscoring the importance of early intervention. However, treating melasma is not a one-time affair; it typically requires continuous treatment for 2 to 3 months or more to achieve satisfactory results. In recent years, the occurrence of melasma on the faces of individuals aged 20 and above, both women and men have increased. This may be attributed to factors such as high levels of societal stress, heavy makeup, UV exposure, environmental factors and internal health issues or hormonal changes, leading to a trend of melasma occurring at a younger age.
Guidelines For Preventing Melasma In Daily Life

Prevent UV exposure: Use sunscreen that blocks both UVA and UVB rays, and avoid direct sunlight. Opt for protective gear such as hats, sunglasses and sun-protective clothing.

Mind-body balance: Maintain a positive mood, reduce stress and anxiety. Adopt a balanced diet, incorporating foods rich in vitamin C, vitamin E and antioxidants.

Proper skin massage can promote blood circulation, accelerate metabolism and enhance the vitality of skin cells, providing a supportive role in the prevention and treatment of melasma.

Liver diseases and internal conditions such as constipation must be treated early, as this is crucial for maintaining overall health and preventing the occurrence of melasma.
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“Spot/ Freckle”
Spots and freckles are common pigment disorders in the epidermal layer. Excessive exposure to ultraviolet radiation stimulates increased melanin activity, leading to the accumulation of melanin and the formation of spots. Additionally, the required ultraviolet exposure for treating certain skin conditions such as vitiligo and psoriasis may also contribute to the development of spots.
Sun Protection Advisory: Kindly apply sunscreen.
Sun exposure can exacerbate the visibility of spots and freckles, especially for those sensitive to ultraviolet radiation, making them more pronounced.
Apply vitamin C to the skin.
The skin-whitening and anti-aging effects of vitamin C are highly effective in preventing spots and freckles. Applying vitamin C directly to the face, especially on areas affected by pigmentation issues like spots and freckles, can yield excellent preventive results.
Treatment Methods For Spots And Freckles
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“Facial Flushing”
Facial flushing is a skin condition that causes redness and swelling on the face. This is due to the influence of temperature and emotions on blood vessels controlled by the autonomic nervous system, leading to vasodilation or constriction. The face may turn red when excited or after consuming hot foods, as the blood vessels are stimulated. However, some people are more prone to facial flushing under temperature or emotional changes and the redness is deeper and longer-lasting, causing inconvenience in daily life. The facial skin has many blood vessels especially abundant capillaries on the cheeks, making the cheeks more susceptible to flushing. Everyday habits such as exposure to cold weather, emotional excitement, alcohol consumption, embarrassment or consuming spicy foods can lead to facial flushing. It may progress from easily blushing to persistent redness in the central part of the face, extending to the forehead, chin and nose. In severe cases, flushing may extend to areas like the ears, chest and back.
The Triggering Factors For Facial Flushing
When patients with facial flushing develop papules on the face, these papules are typically small, red and may be accompanied by pus. These papules often coexist with visible blood vessels on the face, leading to persistent facial flushing symptoms. In more severe cases, the sebaceous glands may enlarge, causing the nose to also enlarge and become uneven, exhibiting symptoms of a 'strawberry nose.' The strawberry nose phenomenon is more common in males. Among patients experiencing these symptoms, over half may have red and swollen eyes, and a minority may feel pain in the eyes, similar to the sensation of burning or the discomfort of dust entering the eyes. If not treated promptly, it may lead to complications in the eyes.






